| AB | |
| A substance that boosts the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution; pH <7 | |
| Activation energy | The minimum quantity of power required because that a chemistry reaction to occur |
| Amino acid | An organic molecule the serves as the monomers that proteins. You are watching: A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution is |
| Amphipathic | A molecule that has both a hydrophilic an ar and a hydrophobic region. |
| Anion | A negatively fee ion. |
| Atom | The smallest unit of matter that maintain the properties of an element |
| ATP | adenosine triphosphate: releases cost-free energy once its phosphate bonds space hydrolyzed. This energy is offered to drive reactions in cells. |
| base | A substance that reduces the hydrogen ion concentration the a solution. (removes H+ ions or donates OH- ); pH >7 |
| Buffer | A substance the minimizes transforms in pH when additional acids or bases are added to the solution. |
| Buffer system | A mechanism that consists of acid and also base creates in a solution and that minimizes transforms in pH |
| Carbohydrate | A street (monosaccharide) or one of its dimers (disaccharides) or polymers (polysaccharides). |
| Catalyst | A chemistry agent that changes the rate of a reaction without gift consumed by the reaction. |
| Cation | An ion v a hopeful charge developed by the lose of one or much more electrons. |
| Cellulose | Polysaccharide made of glucose molecules; forms cell walls in plants. |
| Chemical bond | An attraction between two atoms resulting from a sharing of outer-shell electron or the presence of opposite charges on the atoms |
| Chemical Element | A substance the cannot be damaged down to any kind of other substance. |
| Chemical energy | Energy stored in the chemical bonds the molecules; a kind of potential energy. |
| Chemical reaction | The making and also breaking of chemistry bonds leading to alters in the composition of matter. |
| Chemical Symbol | an abbreviation or brief representation that a chemical element |
| Cofactor | Any nonprotein molecule or ion that is compelled for the suitable functioning of an enzyme |
| compound | two or much more atoms that are chemically combined |
| Concentration gradient | A an ar along which the thickness of a chemistry substance rises or decreases. |
| covalent bond | when atoms share electrons permitting the outermost shells the both atom to be filled; more powerful than ionic bonds |
| Decomposition reactions (catabolism) | A metabolic pathway that releases energy by break down complex molecules to much easier molecules. |
| Dehydration synthetic reaction | A chemical reaction in which two molecules come to be covalently external inspection to each other with the removed of a water molecule. |
| Denaturation | Process in i beg your pardon a protein loses its shape due to the disruption that weak chemistry bonds and interactions thereby coming to be biologically inactive. |
| diasaccharide | made of 2 sugar units |
| Dissociation | Breaking under of a compound right into its components. |
| DNA | A double-stranded helical nucleic mountain molecule qualified of gift replicated and also determining the inherited structure of a cell's proteins. |
| Double helix | Shape that the DNA molecule |
| Electrolyte | An ionic compound that division apart in solution right into positive and an adverse ions. |
| electron | negatively fee subatomic particle discovered in electron ring |
| Electron shell | An energy level of electron at a characteristic mean distance native the cell nucleus of one atom. |
| Electronegativity | The attraction the a provided atom because that the electron of a covalent bond. |
| Endergonic reaction | A nonspontaneous chemistry reaction in which free energy is soaked up from the surroundings. |
| Energy | The capacity to cause change especially come do work (to relocate matter versus an opposing force). |
| Enzyme | A problem that speeds up chemical reactions in the body normally a protein |
| Exchange reactions | Chemical reaction that is composed of both synthesis and also decomposition reactions |
| Exergonic reaction | A spontaneous chemistry reaction in which over there is a net relax of cost-free energy. |
| Fatty acid | simple lipid offered to synthesize triglycerides and also phospholipids |
| Free radical | electrically charged atom or molecule with an unpaired electron in it's outermost shell. Extremely reactive. |
| glucose | blood sugar |
| glycogen | Polymer of glucose; features as a store of glucose molecule in liver and muscle cells. |
| Hydrocarbon | An essential molecule consisting of carbon and also hydrogen |
| hydrogen bond | A form of weak chemistry bond that is formed when the slightly confident hydrogen atom the a polar covalent link in one molecule is attractive to the slightly negative atom of a polar covalent bond in an additional molecule or in another an ar of the exact same molecule. |
| Hydrogen ion | A solitary proton v a charge of 1+ |
| Hydrolysis | A chemical reaction that division bonds between two molecules by the addition of water; features in disassembly that polymers come monomers. |
| hydrophilic | water loving (polar molecule. I.e. Salt) |
| hydrophobic | water fearing (non-polar molecule. I.e. Oil) |
| Hydroxide ion | A water molecule that has actually lost a proton; OH-. |
| Inorganic compound | relatively an easy compound the lacks carbon |
| ion | an atom or molecule with a charge |
| ionic bond | when one atom offers an electron (or more) to another atom. The resulting atoms become ions and are attractive to every other |
| Isomer | One of numerous compounds through the very same molecular formula yet different structures and therefore different properties. |
| isotope | atoms with various numbers that neutrons |
| Kinetic energy | The energy associated with the relative activity of objects. Moving matter have the right to perform job-related by imparting motion to various other matter. |
| Law of conservation of energy | Energy can be transferred and transformed yet it cannot be developed or destroyed. |
| Leukotrienes | Type that lipid the participates in allergic and inflammatory responses |
| lipid | Hydrophobic organic compound written of carbon hydrogen and oxygen (do not have actually 2:1 ratio of hydrogen to oxygen) |
| Lipoprotein | A protein external inspection to a lipid the transports fats and cholesterol in the blood |
| Macromolecule | A gigantic molecule created by the joining of smaller molecules generally by a dehydration reaction. |
| Mass | Measure of the lot of matter in one object. |
| matter | has mass and also volume and is recycled by decomposers |
| Mixture | Combination of facets or compound that space physically blended together yet not bound by chemistry bonds |
| monomer | simple sugar monosaccharide |
| monosaccaride | C6H12O6 Examples: glucose furustos galacose |
| neutron | 0 fee subatomic particle found in nucleus |
| Nitrogenous base | Adenine thymine cytosine or guanine. |
| Non-polar covalent bond | A type of bond in which electron are common equally in between two atom of similar electronegativity. |
| Nucleic acid | A polymer (polynucleotide) consists of countless nucleotide monomers; DNA or RNA |
| Nucleotide | The building block of a nucleic acid consisting of a five-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a nitrogenous base and also one or much more phosphate groups. |
| Nucleus (of one atom) | An atom's main core include protons and also neutrons |
| Octet rule | Describes the propensity of atom to gain or shed electrons in order to obtain eight electron in their external shell |
| Organic compound | Carbon include compound hosted together by covalent bonds |
| Peptide bond | Bond the holds amino acids with each other in a protein. Developed by a deydration reaction |
| pH | describes just how acidic or basic a systems is |
| Phospholipids | Amphipathic molecule that provides bilayers formin biological membranes |
| Polar covalent bond | when electron are mutual unequally one atom is partially an unfavorable while the various other is partially positive. |
| polymer | carbohydrates polysaccride |
| Polysaccharide | any the a course of carbohydrates who molecules contain chains of monosaccharide molecules |
| Potential energy | energy stored due to an object's place or arrangement |
| Primary protein structure | sequence the amino acids |
| Product | a chemistry substance created as a an outcome of a chemical reaction |
| Properties that water | great solvent/dissolves garbage products/participates in chemical reactions/absorbs and also releases heat slowly/requires a lot of of warm to adjust to gas/good lubricant/makes up most volume of cells and also body fluids |
| Prostaglandins | biologically energetic lipids which produce countless effects in the body including smooth muscle contractions inflammation and pain |
| Proteins | contains carbon hydrogen oxyge and nitrogen. Resource of energy. Essential by organization for repair and growth. Consisted of of amino acids. |
| proton | positively charged subatomic particle discovered in the nucleus |
| Proton acceptor | A substance the takes up hydrogen ions in detectable amounts. Commonly referred to as a base. |
| Proton donor | A substance that releases hydrogen ions in detectable amounts; an acid. See more: What Airport Is Closest To Fort Benning Ga Airport, Cheap Flights To Fort Benning (Csg), $161 |
| Quaternary protein structure | made increase of an ext than 1 strand of polypeptide Very complicated (many enzymes space quaternary proteins) |
| radioactive isotopes | have stormy nuclei that malfunction over time emitting particles |
| Reactant | a chemistry substance the is current at the begin of a chemical reaction |
| Reversible reactions | chemical reactions room reversible; A + B <-----> AB |
| RNA | ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays vital role in the manufacturing of proteins |
| Salt | A compound made that minerals that in water dissolve and form electrolytes |
| Saturated fatty acid | a fatty acid whose carbon chain can not absorb any more hydrogen atoms |
| Secondary protein structure | Alpha helices and beta sheets resulting from hydrogen bonding. |
| Solute | substance that is dissolved in a solvent to make a solution |
| Solution | A homogeneous mixture of 2 or much more substances |
| Solvent | a liquid substance qualified of dissolving various other substances |
| starch | Polymer of glucose |
| steroid | Type that lipid made of 4 rings; supplied for hormones estrogent testosterone and cholesterol |
| Subatomic particle | an electron proton or neutron; one of the three major particles of whoch atoms room composed |
| Substrate | the problem acted top top by an enzyme or ferment |
| Synthesis reactions (anabolism) | When 2 or an ext atoms ion or molecules integrate to because that a brand-new larger molecule; i.e. A+B-->AB; usually needs energy |
| Tertiary protein structure | overall form resulting indigenous interactions between side chain of the different amino acids |
| Triglyceride | 3 fat acids (chains the hydrocarbons) external inspection to a glycerol many fats are eaten and soaked up in this form |
| Unsaturated fatty acid | a fatty mountain whose carbon chain have the right to absorb added hydrogen atoms |
| Valence | the variety of electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom |
| What are the four main facets in life things? | Hydrogen Oxygen Nitrogen Carbon |
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